The emergence and unfold of extremely pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A virus subtype H5N1 in Asia, Europe and Africa has had an enormously socioeconomic influence and presents an vital risk to human well being due to its environment friendly animal-to-human transmission. Many components contribute to the incidence and transmission of HPAI H5N1 virus, however the function of environmental temperature stays poorly understood.
Primarily based on an method of integrating a Bayesian Cox proportional hazards mannequin and a Besag-York-Mollié (BYM) mannequin, we examined the precise influence of environmental temperature on HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in home poultry across the globe through the interval from 1 December 2003 to 31 December 2009. The outcomes confirmed that greater environmental temperature was a major threat issue for earlier incidence of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in home poultry, particularly for a temperature of 25 °C. Its influence various with epidemic waves (EWs), and the magnitude of the influence tended to extend over EWs.
Genetic range and phylogenetic evaluation of extremely pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses circulating in Bangladesh from 2007-2011.
Extremely pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been endemic in Bangladesh since its first isolation in February 2007. Phylogenetic evaluation of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene of HPAI H5N1 viruses demonstrated that 25 Bangladeshi isolates together with two human isolates from 2007-2011 together with some isolates from neighbouring Asian nations (India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal, China and Vietnam) segregate into two distinct clades (2.2 and a couple of.3).
There was clear proof of introduction of clade 2.3.2 and a couple of.3.four viruses in 2011 along with clade 2.2 viruses that had been in circulation in Bangladesh since 2007. The info clearly demonstrated the motion of H5N1 strains between Asian nations included on this research on account of migration of untamed birds and/or unlawful motion of poultry throughout borders.
Curiously, the 2 human isolates had been carefully associated to the clade 2.2 Bangladeshi hen isolates indicating that they’ve originated from chickens. Moreover, comparative amino acid sequence evaluation revealed a number of substitutions (together with 189R>Ok and 282I>V) in HA protein of some clade 2.2 Bangladeshi viruses together with the human isolates, suggesting there was antigenic drift in clade 2.2.
Three viruses that had been circulating between 2008 and 2011. General, the info indicate genetic range amongst circulating viruses and a number of introductions of H5N1 viruses with an elevated threat of human infections in Bangladesh, and institution of H5N1 virus in wild and home fowl populations, which calls for lively surveillance.
Pre-exposing Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) to a low-pathogenic H1N1 avian influenza virus protects them in opposition to H5N1 HPAI virus problem.
In earlier research we examined the function of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) within the epidemiology of Eurasian extremely pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1. To develop on this and higher perceive how pre-exposure to heterosubtypic low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses may affect the result of H5N1 HPAI an infection, we pre-exposed naïve juvenile Canada Geese to completely different North American wild-bird-origin LPAI viruses.
We chosen H1, H2, and H6 hemagglutinin subtype viruses based mostly on their higher-order evolutionary relatedness to the H5 hemagglutinin. Pre-exposing Canada Geese to both H2N3 or H6N5 viruses didn’t shield them in opposition to a deadly H5N1 HPAI virus problem. As well as, H5N1 was transmitted to naïve management birds that had been positioned amongst each teams leading to dying by 5 days postcontact. In distinction, Canada Geese that had been pre-exposed to H1N1 had been protected in opposition to a deadly H5N1 problem, shed minimal quantities of the virus into the atmosphere, and didn’t transmit the an infection to naïve contact birds.
Not one of the H1N1, H2N3, or H6N5 pre-exposure sera neutralized H5N1 in vitro; nonetheless, sera from H1N1-infected birds diminished virus plaque dimension however not quantity compared with H2N3, H6N5, or unfavourable sera, suggesting that antibodies directed in opposition to the neuraminidase might have had a job within the protecting results noticed.
Enhanced infectivity of H5N1 extremely pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in pig ex vivo respiratory tract organ cultures following adaptation by in vitro passage.
Pigs are thought to play a job within the adaptation of avian influenza (AI) viruses to mammalian hosts. To higher perceive this mechanism and to establish key mutations two extremely pathogenic AI (HPAI) viruses (H5N1 and H7N7) had been grown in pig cells, To imitate the stress of an immune response, these viruses had been grown within the presence of antiserum to the homologous virus or porcine IFN-γ.
Mutations had been recognized in each viruses grown in vitro within the presence and absence of antisera or IFN-γ and included the PB2 mutations, E627Ok or 627E,D701N, described beforehand as necessities for the difference of AI viruses to mammalian species. Further mutations had been additionally recognized in PB1, HA, NP and M genes for viruses passaged within the presence of immune stress.
Hematoporphyrin IX , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-117-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Pb(II) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-131-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Ramos Cells , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-138-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Streptavidin (31), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-144-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Tetracyclines (T24) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-148-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Thrombin(15mer) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-150-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
PC12 Cells (Aptamer, FITC labeled17a) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-132-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
FITC-Labeled Bovine Type I Collagen Substrate |
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| 4001 | Chondrex | 1 mg/ml x 10 ml | EUR 338.55 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Bovine Type I Collagen Substrate |
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FITC-Labeled Bovine Type II Collagen Substrate |
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| 4002 | Chondrex | 1 mg/ml x 10 ml | EUR 403.8 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Bovine Type II Collagen Substrate |
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mAb mouse anti-monkey CD3 FITC-labeled |
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| CT163 | U-CyTech | 50 µg | EUR 347 |
Abrin Toxin (TA6), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-101-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Adenosine/ATP (DH25.42), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-104-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
CCRF-CEM (SGC8c), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-109-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Cellobiose (Cel#16), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-110-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Cholic Acid (9), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-111-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Fibrinogen (85A/Ap90), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-116-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
HGF (H38-15), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-120-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Human IgE (4.4.12), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-124-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Lactobacillum acidophilius (hemag1P), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-125-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
L-Tyrosinamide (pe35), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-127-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Phospholamban (Apt-9) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-135-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Ricin Toxin (C5), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-139-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Sialyllactose (Sl-11) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-141-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Staphylococcus aureus (SA23) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-143-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
TGF-ß1 (T18_1_3) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-149-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
mAb mouse anti-rat IFN-γ FITC-labeled |
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| CT034 | U-CyTech | 50 µg | EUR 260 |
mAb mouse anti-monkey IL-13 FITC-labeled |
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| CT120 | U-CyTech | 50 µg | EUR 260 |
mAb mouse anti-human IFN-γ FITC-labeled |
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| CT220 | U-CyTech | 50 µg | EUR 260 |
mAb mouse anti-human IL-13 FITC-labeled |
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| CT246 | U-CyTech | 50 µg | EUR 260 |
Anti-His-tag (6H7), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-105-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Histone H4 (Clone 4.33), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-121-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
HIV-1 RT (4.3), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-122-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Human L-Selectin (LD201), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-126-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Protein Kinase C-d , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-137-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
RNase H1 (VI-2) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-140-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Taq DNA polymerase (TQ21) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-146-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Tenascin-C (GBI-10) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-147-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Tumour Marker MUC1 (S1.1) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-152-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
CXCR4-Phycoerythrin Labeled |
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| FC15004 | Neuromics | 100 Tests | EUR 448 |
Ret-Fluorescein Labeled |
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| FC15016 | Neuromics | 100 Tests | EUR 448 |
Ret-Allophycocyanin Labeled |
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| FC15017 | Neuromics | 100 Tests | EUR 448 |
BDNF-Allophycocyanin Labeled |
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| FC15019 | Neuromics | 100 Tests | EUR 507 |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-10 | Biovision | EUR 691 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-2 | Biovision | EUR 441 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-3 | Biovision | EUR 463 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-4 | Biovision | EUR 485 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-5 | Biovision | EUR 528 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-6 | Biovision | EUR 550 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-7 | Biovision | EUR 582 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-8 | Biovision | EUR 615 | |
Fluorescent labeled siRNA |
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| M1255-9 | Biovision | EUR 659 | |
Goat anti-guinea pig IgG (H+L), FITC Labeled |
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| GP40100 | Neuromics | 1.0 ml | EUR 311 |
Acute myeloid leukemia cells (KH1C12), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-102-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
DNAzymeMB (Part of Lysozyme Aptasensor), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-128-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Reactive Green 19 (GR-30), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-130-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Small-cell lung cancer (HCH07) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-142-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Human Neutrophil Elastase (DNA I) , DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-155-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Multivalent B-cell receptor specific, DNA apatamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-156-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Monoclonal Anti-Rat IgG1-FITC Conjugate |
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| 50126-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 286 |
Rabbit Anti-Salmonella IgG-FITC conjugate |
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| SLM11-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 347 |
Sambucus nigra Lectin (SNA)-FITC conjugate |
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| SNA15-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 286 |
Lens culinaris Lectin (LCA)-FITC conjugate |
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| LCA15-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 286 |
Concanavalin A Lectin (ConA)-FITC conjugate |
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| CONA15-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 286 |
Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (Aal)-FITC conjugate |
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| AAL15-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 225 |
Wheat germ agglutinin Lectin (WGA)-FITC conjugate |
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| WGA15-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 0.5 ml | EUR 286 |
Recombinant (E.Coli) purified Protein G-FITC Conjugate |
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| PRTG15-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 1 ml | EUR 202 |
Goat Anti-Mouse albumin IgG-FITC Conjugate |
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| ALB11-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ug | EUR 347 |
Goat Anti-Human albumin IgG-FITC Conjugate |
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| ALBH13-FITC | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ug | EUR 347 |
FITC-labeled anti-Fc? RI? ?human IgE receptor) antibody (CRA1) |
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| 72-004 | Sceti | 50ug | Ask for price |
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Description: The FITC-labeled anti-Fc? RI? ?human IgE receptor) antibody (CRA1) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur. |
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FITC-labeled anti-Fc? RI? ?human IgE receptor) antibody (CRA2) |
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| 72-008 | Sceti | 50ug | EUR 401 |
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Description: The FITC-labeled anti-Fc? RI? ?human IgE receptor) antibody (CRA2) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur. |
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FITC-Labeled Human MSLN Protein (Glu 296-Gly 580) [His] |
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| VAng-2554Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 3487 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Mesothelin protein, His tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH09272.1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human MSLN Protein (Glu 296-Gly 580) [His] |
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| VAng-2554Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Mesothelin protein, His tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH09272.1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human MSLN Protein (Glu 296-Gly 580) [Fc] |
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| VAng-2555Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 3487 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Mesothelin protein, human IgG1 Fc tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH09272.1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human MSLN Protein (Glu 296-Gly 580) [Fc] |
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| VAng-2555Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Mesothelin protein, human IgG1 Fc tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH09272.1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human CD22 Protein (Asp 20-Arg 687) [His] |
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| VAng-2711Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 3487 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Siglec-2 (CD22) protein, His Tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P20273-1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human CD22 Protein (Asp 20-Arg 687) [His] |
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| VAng-2711Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Siglec-2 (CD22) protein, His Tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P20273-1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human SLAMF7 Protein (Ser 23-Met 226) [His] |
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| VAng-2742Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 3844 |
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Description: Human SLAMF7 protein, His tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH27867) |
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FITC-Labeled Human SLAMF7 Protein (Ser 23-Met 226) [His] |
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| VAng-2742Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: Human SLAMF7 protein, His tag, was expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH27867) |
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Recombinant CD19 Protein (Pro 20-Lys 291) [Fc] [FITC-Labeled] |
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| VAng-1208Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 4999 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human CD19, human IgG1 Fc Tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P15391-1) |
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Recombinant CD19 Protein (Pro 20-Lys 291) [Fc] [FITC-Labeled] |
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| VAng-1208Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human CD19, human IgG1 Fc Tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P15391-1) |
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Recombinant CD19 Protein (Pro 20-Lys 291) [His] [FITC-Labeled] |
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| VAng-1210Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 4999 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human CD19, His Tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P15391-1) |
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Recombinant CD19 Protein (Pro 20-Lys 291) [His] [FITC-Labeled] |
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| VAng-1210Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human CD19, His Tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P15391-1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human CD30 Protein (Phe 19-Lys 379) [His] |
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| VAng-1260Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 5219 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human CD30, His tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: NP_001234.2) |
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FITC-Labeled Human CD30 Protein (Phe 19-Lys 379) [His] |
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| VAng-1260Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human CD30, His tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: NP_001234.2) |
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FITC-Labeled Human ErbB3 Protein (Ser 20-Thr 643) [His] |
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| VAng-1511Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 5219 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human ErbB3 (Her3), His Tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P21860-1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human ErbB3 Protein (Ser 20-Thr 643) [His] |
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| VAng-1511Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human ErbB3 (Her3), His Tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P21860-1) |
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FITC-labeled Human TNFSF13B Protein (Ala 134-Leu 285) [Fc] |
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| VAng-1605Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 3487 |
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Description: FITC-labeled Human TNFSF13B, Fc tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH20674.1) |
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FITC-labeled Human TNFSF13B Protein (Ala 134-Leu 285) [Fc] |
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| VAng-1605Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-labeled Human TNFSF13B, Fc tag, is expressed in HEK 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: AAH20674.1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human Her2 Protein (Thr 23-Thr 652) [His] |
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| VAng-1665Lsx-200g | Creative Biolabs | 200 µg | EUR 5219 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Her2, His tag, is expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P04626-1) |
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FITC-Labeled Human Her2 Protein (Thr 23-Thr 652) [His] |
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| VAng-1665Lsx-25g | Creative Biolabs | 25 µg | EUR 848 |
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Description: FITC-Labeled Human Her2, His tag, is expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P04626-1) |
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Crude Extracellular Mixture of E. coli, DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-112-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Hen Egg White Lysozyme (lys11-2), DNA Aptamer, FITC labeled |
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| AD-118-F | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
The infectivity of those viruses was then assessed utilizing ex vivo pig bronchi and lung organ cultures. For lung explants, greater ranges of virus had been detected in organ cultures contaminated with H5N1 HPAI viruses passaged in pig cell strains whatever the presence or absence of homologous antisera or IFN-γ compared with the wild-type parental viruses. No an infection was noticed for any of the H7N7 HPAI viruses. These outcomes counsel that the mutations recognized in H5N1 HPAI viruses might present a replication or an infection benefit in pigs in vivo and that pigs might proceed to play an vital function within the ecology of influenza A viruses together with these of avian origin.
